Pharm d - Doctor of Pharmacy

  Introduction To Various Official Books Physical Pharmacy B) Introduction To Various Official Books                        q Introduction & Classification q Various Official Books Ø International Pharmacopoeia (Ph.Int.) Ø European Pharmacopoeia (Ph. Eur.) Ø National Pharmacopoeia   Ø Extra Pharmacopoeia (Martindale) Ø National Formulary (NF) Ø Some other official books Introduction             Ø Books containing the standards for drugs and other related substances are known as pharmacopoeias and formularies. Ø FORMULARY v It is a “List of medicines” approved for use by a particular hospital or government Ø PHARMACOPOEIA v It is derived from Greek word pharmakon means “ drug ” and poieo means “ make ” Hence “ drug-making ”. v It is a list of medicinal substances and formulae ...

Efflorescence Definition •    The spontaneous dehydration of a compound is called Efflorescence. •    The loss of water of crystallization by a hydrated (crystalline substance with water of crystallization )to form anhydrous salts or hydrated with less molecules of water of crystallization is called Efflorescence. The large no of chemical compound exists in hydrated or anhydrous form. In hydrated form the water molecule attached to the compound are called the water of crystallization. The surrounding atmosphere also has vapours and definite vapour pressure, due to water in atmosphere. If the vapour pressure of the hydrated substance is greater than the surrounding atmosphere, than the hydrated substance loses water molecule to become less hydrous and to make an equilibrium between the hydrated substance and the atmosphere. Efflorescence, spontaneous loss of water by a hydrated salt, which occurs when the aqueous vapor pressure of materials is gre...

  Introduction •     Chemically unrelated organic Compounds •     Cannot be synthesized by HUMANs •     Must be supplied by the diet –   as such –   as utilizable precursors •     Small Amounts •     Required for specific cellular functions –   Optimal Growth –   Maintenance of normal health –   Reproduction Definition •      Organic compounds required in the diet in small amounts to perform specific biological functions for normal growth, maintenance, and reproduction i.e. for optimal growth and health of organism. •      They are required for specific cellular functions, e.g. many of water soluble vitamins are precursors of coenzymes for the enzymes of intermediary metabolism.   History & Nomenclature •     Hopkins (1912)— Acce...