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PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY-II (BIOCHEMISTRY) (Theory) |
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Paper 2 |
Marks
100 |
1.
GENERAL INTRODUCTION AND BASIC BIOCHEMICAL
PRINCIPLES:
Role of pharmaceutical biochemistry in the health
profession. Nature of biochemical reactions.
2.
BASIC CHEMISTRY OF BIOMOLECULES (Nature,
Classification etc.):
a)
Carbohydrates:
Chemistry, Classification, Reactions of Carbohydrates, Optical activity,
Biological and pharmaceutical importance of carbohydrates.
b)
Lipids:
Chemistry of Fatty acids and Lipids, Classification (Saponifiable and
nonsaponifiable lipids, Simple, Complex and Derived lipids), Reactions of Fatty
acids and other Lipids, Essential fatty acids, Biological and pharmaceutical
importance of lipids.
c)
Proteins and
Amino acids: Chemistry, Classification of proteins and amino acids,
Reactions of proteins and amino acids, Organizational levels, Macromolecular
nature of proteins, Biological and pharmaceutical importance of proteins and
amino acids.
d)
Nucleic acids:
Chemistry, Types (DNA, RNA, mRNA, tRNA, rRNA), Purine and Pyrimidine bases,
Nucelosides, Nucelotides, Structures of nucleic acids, Biological and
pharmaceutical importance of nucleic acids.
e) Vitamins:
f)
Hormones:
Chemistry, Classification (Proteinous and nonproteinous hormones, amino acid
derivatives, steroids), Biological and pharmaceutical importance of hormones.
g)
Enzymes:
Chemistry, Classification, Mode of action, Kinetics (Michaelis Menten Equation
and some modifications), Inhibition, Activation, Specificity, Allosteric
enzymes, Factors affecting the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction, Biological
and pharmaceutical importance, Mechanism of action of some important enzymes
(Chymotrypsin, Ribonuclease).
3.
METABOLIC FATE OF BIOMOLECULES (Anabolism and
Catabolism):
a)
Carbohydrates:
Brief introduction to the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates, Aerobic
and anaerobic breakdown of Glucose, Glycolysis, Pentose Phosphate Pathway,
Glycogenolysis, Glycogenesis, Gluconeogenesis, Citric acid cycle, Energetics of
various metabolic processes.
b)
Lipids:
Brief introduction to the digestion and absorption of lipids, Oxidation of
fatty acids through β-oxidation, Biosynthesis of fatty acids, neutral lipids
and cholesterol.
c)
Proteins and
Amino acids: Brief introduction to the digestion and absorption of proteins
and amino acids, Metabolism of essential and non-essential amino acids,
Biosynthesis and catabolism of Haemins and porphyrin compounds.
d)
Bioenergetics:
Principles of bioenergetics. Electron transport chain and oxidative
phosphorylation.
4.
REGULATION OF METABOLIC PROCESSES:
a)
Role of
Vitamins: Physiological role of Fat-soluble (A, D, E and K) and Water-soluble
(Thiamin, Riboflavin, Pantothenic acid, Niacin,
Pyridoxal phosphate, Biotin, Folic acid, Cyanocobalamin- members of B-complex
family and Ascorbic acid), Coenzymes and their role in the regulation of
metabolic processes.
b)
Receptor
mediated regulation (Hormones): Mechanism of action of hormones,
Physiological roles of various hormones, Site of
synthesis and target sites of hormones.
c)
Secondary
Messengers: Role of cAMP, Calcium ions and phosphoinositol in the
regulation of metabolic processes.
d)
Gene Expression:
Replication, Transcription and Translation (Gene expression)
Introduction to Biotechnology and Genetic
Engineering, Basic principles of Recombinant
DNA
technology, Pharmaceutical applications, Balance of Catabolic, Anabolic and
Amphibolic processes in human metabolism, Acid-Base and Electrolyte Balance in
Human body.
5.
INTRODUCTION
TO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY: Introduction and
Importance of the clinical chemistry. Laboratory tests in diagnosis of diseases
including Uric acid, Cholesterol, Billirubin and Creatinine.
PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY-II (BIOCHEMISTRY) (Practical)
Paper 8 Marks 100
Qualitative
analysis of: Carbohydrates, Amino acids, Peptides and Sugar, Uric acid,
Proteins, Lipids and Sterols (Cholesterol), Bile salts, Billirubin, Analysis of
Cholesterol and Creatinine in Blood.
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