PHARMACEUTICS-I (PHYSICAL PHARMACY) (Theory)
Paper 3 Marks 100
1. PHARMACY
ORIENTATION: Introduction and orientation to the Professional of
Pharmacy in relation to Hospital Pharmacy, Retail Pharmacy, Industrial
Pharmacy, Forensic Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Education and research etc.
2. HISTORY AND
LITERATURE OF PHARMACY:
a. A
survey of the history of pharmacy through ancient, Greek and Arab periods with
special reference to contribution of Muslim scientists to pharmacy and allied
sciences.
b. An
introduction of various official books.
3. PHYSICO-CHEMICAL
PRINCIPLES:
a. Solutions: Introduction, types, concentration
expressions, ideal and real solution, colligative properties, their
mathematical derivations and applications in pharmacy, molecular weight
determinations, distribution co-efficient and its applications in pharmacy.
b. Solubilization: Solubility, factors affecting
solubility, surfactants, their properties and types.
Micelles, their formulation and types.
c. Adsorption: Techniques and processes of
adsorption in detail.
d. Ionization: pH, pH indicators, pka, buffers,
buffer’s equation, Isotonic solutions and their applications in pharmacy.
e. Hydrolysis: Types and protection of drugs
against hydrolysis.
f. Micromeritics: Particle size and shapes,
distribution of particles methods of determination of particle size and
importance of particle size in Pharmacy.
4. DISPERSIONS:
a. Colloids: Types, methods of preparation,
properties (optional, kinetic, electrical) Dialysis and artificial kidney,
stability of colloids, protection and sensitization phenomenon and application
of colloids in Pharmacy.
b. Emulsions: Types, theories of emulsification,
Emulsifying agents their classification and stability of emulsion.
c. Suspensions: Type, Methods of Preparation,
Properties, Suspending agents, their classification and stability.
5. RHEOLOGY:
Definition and Fundamental concept; Properties contributing to Rheological
behaviour; Graphic presentation of Rheological data.
6. PHYSICOCHEMICAL
PROCESSES:
a. Precipitation: Process of precipitation and
its applications in Pharmacy.
b. Crystallization: Types of crystals, Mechanism
and methods of crystallization and its applications in Pharmacy.
c. Distillation: Simple, fractional, steam
distillation, vacuum distillation, destructive distillation and their
applications in Pharmacy.
d. Miscellaneous Processes: Efflorescence, deliquescence,
lyophillization, elutrition, exiccation, ignition, sublimation, fusion,
calcination, adsorption, decantation, evaporation, vaporization,
centrifugation, dessication, levigation and trituration.
7. EXTRACTION
PROCESSES:
a. Maceration:
Purpose & process.
b. Percolation:
Purpose and Process.
c. Liquid-Liquid
extraction: Purpose and Process.
d. Large
scale extraction: Purpose and Process.
8. RATE AND
ORDER OF REACTIONS:
9. KINETIC
PRINCIPLES AND STABILITY TESTING:
THEORETIC CONSIDERATIONS: (Degradation)
a. Physical Factors: Influence of pH,
temperature, ionic strength, acid-base catalysis, U.V. light.
b. Chemical Factors: Complex chemical reactions.
Oxidation-reduction reactions, Hydrolysis.
PHARMACEUTICS-I (PHYSICAL PHARMACY) (Practical)
Paper 09 Marks 100
NOTE: Practicals of the subject shall be designed from time to time
on the basis of the above mentioned theoretical topics and availability of the
facilities, e.g.
1. Experiments
to demonstrate some of Physico-chemical processes like simple distillation,
steam distillation, crystallization, dialysis.
2. Determination
of Emulsion systems.
3. Determination
of particle size.
4. Density,
Specific Volume, Weights and Volumes of Liquids.
5. Preparation
of Buffer solutions and isotonic solution.
6. Determination
of %age composition of solutions by specific gravity method.
7. Partition-coefficient,
surface tension, viscosity.
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